Solar Electric Boats – Edition 2

Preface to the Second Edition

  • Evolution since 2021: From Aditya to Destiny and beyond
  • Technological leaps: Hydrofoils, fast charging, wind-assist, and AI-enabled analytics
  • Global movement in electric and solar boats
  • Objective and audience of this edition

Why do we need solar electric boats?

Ch 1 – Introduction

1.1 Opening Hook

1.2 The World of Marine Transport

1.3 The Indian Context

1.4 History of Electrification in Marine Transport

1.5 Solar Electric Boats Today

1.6 Scope and Definitions

1.7 Challenges and Barriers

1.8 Purpose and Audience of This Book

1.9 Structure of the Book

Ch 2 – Benefits

2.1 Environmental

2.2 Comfort

2.3 OPEX

2.4 TCO and TCO-NPV

2.5 National Economics

2.6 Safety – Accident list, Stability, Safety conscious, Redundancy of system (see system architecture), Safety of system (battery), Safety of boat (design and construction), Remote monitoring

What?

Ch 3 – Boat

3.1 The Boat — Physical Overview

3.2 Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems

3.3 Energy Need in a Vessel

3.4 Sources of Energy

3.5 Energy Path — Capture, Storage, Consumption

3.6 System Overview — How They Interact

3.7 The Decarbonisation Journey

  1. The Boat: Hull , Deck, Superstructure, and Outfitting. Parts of boat except system
  2. Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems Overview
  3. Energy need in a vessel – Propulsion vs Auxiliary
  4. Sources of energy in a vessel – Solar, Wind, Battery, Fuel cell, Engine
  5. Energy Path in a vessel – Capture, Storage, Conversion, Consumption
  6. System Overview – How They Interact in Real Operations

Ch 4 – System

4.1 What Constitutes the System(from your Chapter 4 draft)

4.2 System Philosophy — Balancing Power and Energy(new)

4.3 System Types — B, S, W, G, FC, E(from Chapter 4 draft)

4.4 System Configuration — Series and Parallel Hybrid(from Edition 1)

4.5 System Architecture — Independent, Common DC, Common AC(from Edition 1)

4.6 Battery – types, why LFP/LTO, prop/aux

4.7 Solar Systems(from Edition 1 + updates)

4.8 Wind Systems(new)

4.9 Motor Technologies(expanded from Edition 1)

4.10 Shore Charging(from Edition 1)

4.11 Fuel Cells(from Edition 1 + paper)

4.12 Generators(expanded)

4.13 Cost of energy and Retrofit Economics (from your paper) – spread between grid and diesel cost determines pace of electrification, auxiliary conversion to battery electric or fuel cell first and then propulsion, long term expect green H2 adoption, solar can significantly reduce the OPEX for slow speed passenger boats, parallel hybrid is cheaper than series hybrid in most application

How?

Ch 5 – Decarbonisation journey

5.1 The Global Imperative

5.2 From Efficiency to Decarbonisation

5.3 The Decarbonisation Pathway

5.4 Technology Readiness and Cost Parity

5.5 The Indian Context

5.6 Role of Policy and Finance

Ch 6 – Design

  1. Philosophy – reduction in energy need
  2. Functional need – energy need and power need
  3. Wt. reduction – light material, structure design optimisation, remove unwanted items
  4. Resistance reduction – mono/cat, slender, round/chine, NACA rudder, ESD, Oceanix
  5. Other energy reduction – HVAC load, lighting (LED), Pumps/motors, ESD
  6. ESD – wind to electric, wind to thrust
  7. Design spiral
  8. Styling

Ch 7 – System design 

  1. Function need – energy need and power need
  2. Philosophy – contribution from sources (4)
  3. Propulsion / auxiliary design
  4. Solar – sizing, onboard/onshore
  5. Motor – sizing
  6. Battery – LFP/LTO sizing
  7. Fuel cell – sizing
  8. Generator – sizing
  9. Technology choices – LTO/LFP/H2 FC, Diesel
  10. Shore charging
  11. Plot applications and energy need
  12. High level design and detailed design
  13. Detailed system design – battery, solar, genset based on daily operating time (Ed 1 details)

Ch 8 – Building the boat

  1. Boat construction
    1. Detailed design
    2. composite – mould to boat (Sequence, Set up, Hull, deck)
    3. aluminium – detailed
  2. System – assembly, approval
    1. Solar IEC
    2. Battery assembly, testing, approval
    3. Battery – load testing
    4. Steering testing, approval
    5. Installation on boat
  3. Tests and trials during construction
    1. Quality assurance
    2. Quality control
    3. Inspection, tests and trials
  4. Project plan / Timeline / WCR

Ch 9 – Operation and maintenance

  1. Log – electronic (real time), manual
  2. Onboard support – why?
  3. Regular maintenance
  4. Quarterly maintenance
  5. Drydock
  6. Maintaining class and statutory
  7. Damage repair
  8. Battery replacement, SOH analysis
  9. ESD – trim optimisation
  10. Hull, machinery monitoring to reduce maintenance cost (condition monitoring)

Ch 10 – Retrofit of existing vessels

  1. Why retrofit is challenge. connect cost of energy, OPEX and TCO/TCO-NPV
  2. Auxiliary conversion
  3. Partial propulsion
  4. Full propulsion need

Ch 11 – Case studies

  1. Analysis framework – TCO, TCO-NPV
  2. Cases – Auxiliary
    1. Ships
    2. Barge
    3. Fishing boat
    4. Diesel ferry
  3. Cases – Propulsion and Aux
    1. Slow speed ferry (Aditya) – 75 pax and story
      1. Statistics, Benefit, System, Story, Awards and recognition
    2. Slow speed tourism (Avalon) – 15 pax and story
    3. Slow speed cruise (Limo) – 25 pax and story
    4. Medium speed ferry (Apollo) – 75 pax and story
    5. KMRL – LFP / LTO
    6. Fast ferry LTO – 100 pax
    7. Torisum cruise boat (Zayle) – 100 pax and story
      1. Statistics, Benefit, System, Story, Awards and recognition
      2. Cite Indra
    8. Small fishing boat (Srav) – <30 ft and story
    9. Patrol boats for Navy
    10. RORO (Kraken) – 80T and story
    11. H2 FC ferry – 100 pax
    12. Green Tug
    13. Yacht Viridian
    14. Coastal Cargo vessel
    15. Small boats retrofit
    16. Large boats retrofit
    17. Barges and Fishing vessels retrofit

Ch 12 – Insights from Case studies

  1. Why aux is first that need to be decarbonised?
  2. When is LFP cheaper than LTO and when is LTO cheaper than LFP?
  3. When is H2 FC cheaper?
  4. Why parallel hybrid is cheaper than serial hybrid in OPEX, CAPEX and TCO?

Ch13 – Policy

  1. Supporting Customers (Owners and Operators) – Simplifying finance of vessels, Upgrade infrastructure, Facilitate the resolution of the “chicken and egg” dilemma about the prioritisation of either the vessel or the cargo/passengers.
  2. Supporting Builders (Boatbuilders and Shipbuilders) – Shipbuilding subsidy, Open up projects to boatyards and small shipyards, Financing for boatyards or favourable terms of payment.
  3. Supporting vendors and technology providers – Handhold vendors to grow and flourish, Promote indigenisation, Financing for vendors or favourable terms of payment. 

Pages to maintain in the solarelectricboats.in website

  1. List of solar electric boats across India
  2. List of boat accidents across India